Education in Germany is the responsibility of the Länder. Therefore, the education system, and especially the school system, is organised by the sixteen Länder themselves. The Federal Government is only responsible for the framework, the rest is taken care of by the Ministries of Education and Cultural Affairs (Kulturministerien) of the Länder. Their responsible ministers and senators work together in the so-called Standing Conference of the Ministers of Education and Cultural Affairs.Although the Länder have agreed on certain standards, there are still differences. For example, the school system is a little different in every Land. You can find out what the situation is like in your Land on the website planet-beruf.de run by the Federal Employment Agency. You’ll find an overview with the contact details of the responsible ministries on the website of the Standing Conference of the Ministers of Education and Cultural Affairs.School attendance is compulsory in Germany. As a general rule, all children first attend primary school (Grundschule). This is followed by transfer to a secondary school. There are three types of school education programme: Lower secondary education (Hauptschulbildungsgang), secondary modern education (Realschulbildungsgang) and grammar school education (gymnasialer Bildungsgang).These education programmes are organised in different types of schools in the Länder. For example, there are three education programmes at comprehensive schools (Gesamtschulen), and one each at secondary modern schools (Realschulen) and grammar schools (Gymnasien). Children and young people with special educational needs that cannot be met through inclusion at main-stream schools receive special support at special needs schools (Förderschulen).
You can find more information on the website of the Standing Conference of the Ministers of Education and Cultural Affairs. The website also offers information on second chance education (zweiter Bildungsweg) after the end of actual compulsory schooling.